Ll labour act chapterll labour act arrangement of sections. Children in nigeria engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in. Child labour is pervasive in every state of the country. Labour act chapterll labour act arrangement of sections part i general provisions as to protection of wages, contracts of employment and terms and conditions of employment protection of wages section 1. At least 1 hour of economic work or 21 hours of unpaid household services per week. Emerging trends in labour law and industrial relations in. Child labour in india 79 age group of 514 years in the world, apart from those who work with their families mainly in traditional activities raynauld and vidal, 1998. Unicefs standard indicator for child labour includes the following. Furthermore, when the laws proscribing child labour are adequately implemented, there will be a reduction, if not a total elimination of child labour in nigeria. This situation continued until independent in 1960 and even till the military coup.
Child labour in nigeria today means all jobs that children under 18 do for a certain payment, which cause a negative impact on the childrens health, educational development, and normal life. Child labour child labour is work that children should not be doing because they are too young, or if they are old. The nigerian labour law includes within it the relationship between the government and its workers, between publiclyowned corporations and their workers and even between private employers and their workers. Jerome september sptjer001 degree of masters of philosophy. Nwazuoke and others published worst forms of child labour in nigeria.
Sc dissertation submitted to the department of economics faculty of the social sciences university of nigeria in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of master of science m. Labour practice situation in nigeria informal sector is captured vividly by dual labour market theory also known as labour market segmentation theory. African child trust director kunle onabolu appeared on the 11am news hour on al jezeera 8th of october 20 discussing child labour in nigeria. Igwe 70 children and young persons act3, a child was defined as a person under the age of 14 years while a young person means any person above the age of 14 years but below 17 years. Pdf working conditions and consequences of child labour. National programme on the elimination of child labour in. The labour act the labour law with a commencement date of 1st august 1971 remains the applicable law in nigeria in this area though some commentators have argued that its provisions are only applicable to unskilled and manual workers.
The determinant of labour force participation among women in nigeria has followed due process and has been approved to have met the minimum requirement for the award of the master of science degree in the department of economics, university of nigeria nsukka. A study of regulation 1999 2012 ndajiya abdulrahman, phd kabir mato, phd department of political science and international studies, university of abuja abstract the study was conducted primarily to investigate labourgovernment relations in nigeria. About 48 million child laborers across subsaharan africa, including 15 million in nigeria engaged in child labour ajakaye,20 in asia and the pacific is the region with the largest number of child labour, india has the largest number of children in the world ilo,2012 child labour is an old phenomenon in both india and nigeria according to. Oluwakemi owoyemitrade unions and trade unionism in. In 2018, ghana made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. Nigeria multiple indicator cluster survey 2011 data in pages 189195 and its questionnaire in page 347 of its report. The government adopted the edo state trafficking in persons prohibition law, which codified the edo state taskforce for implementation. The prevalent and prime reason for child labour in nigeria is the.
Geneva reuters some 15 million children work in nigeria, often in dangerous jobs, and many workers in africas most populous nation live in fear of violence from police and employers, the global labor grouping ituc said on monday. The future implication of the exploitation of child labour will not only damages the children concerned but also inhibits the. Strategies and mechanisms to eradicate the worst forms of. Background to the study child labour refers to any work or activity that derives children of their childhood, broadly any child who is employed in activities to feed self and family is being subjected to child labour, during the industrial revolution, children as young as four were employed in production factories with dangerous, and often. At least 14 hours of economic work or 21 hours of unpaid household services per week. Perceptions of child labour among working children in ibadan, nigeria article in child care health and development 323. It seeks to investigate the causes and cases of child labour confronting children in nigeria.
This is perhaps due to economic crisis, which started in the 1980s. Nigeria labour congress falls into crisis sahara reporters. For the igbo of southeast nigeria, child labor is clearly different from child work. Effect of child labour in nigeria project writers nigeria.
Analysis of child labour and school attendance in nigeria. I am also grateful to paul glewwe, of the world bank, for help in interpreting the data. National awareness and mobilization campaign against. Relatively, fewer children work in developed countries ilo 1995.
General provisions as to protection of wages, contracts of employment and terms and conditions of employment. Information was collected on child, parenthousehold. Unicef estimates that around 150 million children ages 514 years in developing countries are involved in child labour. This study, child labour in nigeria, and its economic implication, is aimed at investigating the existence of child labour, its causes, constraints and economic. The result showed that child labours are predominantly found in the informal sector. The first and in our opinion, most important thing every nigerian should know is that it is illegal to force anyone to work for you.
Child labour in nigeria spreading the word, saving the child. The labour act4 and criminal proce dure act5 define a child as a person below the age of 12 and 14 years respectively. The government secured at least 14 convictions for offenses related to the worst forms of child labor, approved the national plan of action phase ii on the elimination of the worst forms of child labor, and launched a strategy to combat child labor in the fishing sector. Analysis of child labour and school attendance in nigeria dse. The guardian nigeria newspaper brings you the latest headlines, opinions, political news, business reports and international news. Perceptions of child labour among working children in.
Ebigbo and abaga, 1990 opined that in nigeria, the rate of child abuse and child hawking has assumed a worrisome and alarming proportion. An act to repeal and replace the labour code act and consolidate the law relating to labour. A nigerian newspaper and online version of the vanguard, a daily publication in nigeria covering nigeria news, niger delta. Nigeria are not known owing to the wide dispersion of child labourers, their.
Perceptions of child labour among working children in ibadan. The labour act only covers employees engaged under a contract of manual labour or clerical work in private and public sector. In this context therefore, the paper seeks an in depth knowledge of the incidence and determinants of child labour in nigeria using data from the child labour survey of 2001. National programme on the elimination of child labour in nigeria. Nigeria pledges to eliminate child labour the guardian. Child labour and its social implications on children in selected cities in nigeria asamu festus femi ph. Yet, this serious violation of human rights is not inevitable. This paper investigated the motivating factors into child labour in nigeria, examined nigerian government efforts at reduction and improvement of child labour and school attendant rates. Findings on the worst forms of child labor ghana u. This is to the extent that informal sector represents an important part of the economy and certainly of the labour market and thus plays a major role in employment.
Findings on the worst forms of child labor nigeria u. Department of political science, ekiti state university, ado, ekiti, nigeria abstract this study examines the challenge of child labour confronting children in nigeria and the impacts on sustainable development. Child labour acts as a major hurdle for ensuring free, quality education for all. The current version of the act was put into place in 2004, five years after their current constitution was established.
Early characterization of the dual labour market described it by the presence of two distinct segments cain, 1976. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. It is a challenge and longterm goal in many countries to abolish all forms of child labour. Background to the study child labour refers to any work or activity that derives children of their childhood, broadly any child who is employed in activities to feed self and family is being subjected to child labour, during the industrial revolution, children as young as four were employed in production factories with dangerous, and often fatal. The nigerian economic crisis has made life worse for children of the poor whose parents have either lost their jobs or suffered a drastic decline of income enuka, 2006 and onuoha, 2008. Child labour in nigeria spreading the word, saving the. Finally, it will suggest possible state and policy interventions, in the form of strategies and mechanisms, that could eradicate the worst forms of child labour in nigeria. Awareness should be raise by the government at all levels, nongovernmental organisations ngos and concerned individuals to stop child labour. Nigeria reserved the right to intervene where wages were unreasonably low by reference to the general level of wages department of labour, nigeria. International agreements if an international agreement, which has been ratified by the saeima, sets out provisions that differ from those contained in this law, the provisions of the international agreement shall be applied.
It goes on to give a brief description of the legal framework of labour industrial relations in nigeria. This is probably due to the emphasis placed on the more prevalent childhood problems of. In 2006, the number of child workers was estimated at about 15 million. With the signing of a memorandum of understanding with iloipec in august 2000, the nigerian government increased its commitment to programmes aimed at investigating and combating child labour. Accelerating action for the elimination of child labour in supply chains in africa accel africa 15 november 2018 15 november 2022, budget. In 2018, nigeria made a moderate advancement in efforts to eliminate the worst forms of child labor. The challenge of child labor to the achievement of mdg2. Labour law is the law that stipulates how the relationship between the employer and the employee is supposed to be in a workplace. This article shall examine these laws and seek to distill the mandatory obligations of an employer under nigerian law. Law applicable to contracts of employment and employment legal relationships. It also shows the nexus between the causes and consequences of child labour. Nov 24, 2008 a presentation on child labor in nigeria slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Pdf nigerian children are working under unhealthy condition due to the. International organizations like the ilo, unesco, unicef, who see child labour as a serious. In this context therefore, the paper seeks an indepth knowledge of the incidence and determinants of child labour in nigeria using data from the child labour survey of 2001. Child abuse has become a problematic issue in nigeria. Child labour has been considered a social problem in the african context and nigeria in particular unicef, 1997. Pdf working conditions and consequences of child labour in. Nigerian labour law looks into the rights, working conditions, minimum wage, termination clauses, and many other rules set by the government of nigeria. The impact of child labour on children will be discussed in the paper while children s education in nigeria will be critically studied in the best interests of children. Workplace violence, child labor in nigeria stopchildlabor. Ilo estimates that around 215 million children under 18 work, many fulltime. The ilos worst forms of child labour convention, 1999 no.
Child labour in nigeria is the employment of children under the age of. Pdf determinants of child labour and schooling in rural. The nigerian labour law includes within it the relationship between the government and its workers, between publiclyowned corporations and their workers and even. Children at the centre child labour and unicef in action. The result showed that child labours are predominantly found in.
The study examined the determinants of child labour and schooling in rural northeastern nigeria. In doing this, the following research questions have been formulated. The time or period of the beginning of child labour and its numbers in. Children in nigeria engage in the worst forms of child labor, including in quarrying.
The study further argues that the attendant educational and socioeconomic effects of child labour in nigeria include dropping out of school, truancy, cheating in examinations, halfbaked school products, rape, abortion. Children at the centre child labour deprives children of their right to go to school, exposes them to violence, and reinforces intergenerational cycles of poverty. Incidence and determinants of child labour in nigeria. About 48 million child laborers across subsaharan africa, including 15 million in nigeria engaged in child labour ajakaye,20 in asia and the pacific is the region with the largest number of child labour, india has the largest number of children in the world ilo,2012child labour is an old phenomenon in both india and nigeria according to. Nigeria was not absent at the discussions at the international labour conference ilc committee on application of standards over minimum age. Although child abuse occurs in nigeria, it has received little attention. Poverty is a major factor that drives child labour in nigeria.
Ll labour act a the wages of a worker shall in all contracts be made payable in legal tender and not otherwise. Nigeria labour congress falls into crisis the leadership tussle was caused by the supremacy battle between two factions led by ayuba wabba and joe ajaero. Specifically, the awareness raising projects were undertaken by the national program office and included capacity building in the child labour unit of nigerias federal ministry of employment, labour and productivity. Child labour in nigeria is the employment of children under the age of 18 in a manner that restrict or prevent them from basic education and development. Checkpoints for companies eliminating and preventing child labour 1 concepts and definitions child anyone under the age of 18 is considered a child, according to the united nations. Child labour is a form of child exploitation and it is worldwide phenomenon. In 2000, the federal office of statistics fos, in collaboration with agencies responsible for labour policies, standards and administration as well as child welfare, carried out a child labour. In nigeria, child labour practices seem to be on the increase osiruemu, 2007. Even though the prevalence of child labour has been falling, it continues to harm the physical and mental development of. The consideration of age for being child labour is different in different nations and nature of works. Severe economic crisis has contributed to the rise in the incidence of child labour in nigerian cities. Legal impediments on the practical implementation of the. Agreement as to place and manner of spending wages illegal. Legal impediments on the practical implementation of the child right act 2003 olayinka silas akinwumi introduction the general frameworks within which human rights are protected in nigeria are enshrined in the 1999 constitution of the federal republic of nigeria.